Which behavior is characteristic of sun downing?

The characteristic behavior associated with sundowning is increased confusion and agitation during the late afternoon and evening hours. This phenomenon is commonly observed in individuals with cognitive impairments, such as Alzheimer’s disease or other types of dementia. As the day progresses and natural light diminishes, some elderly individuals may experience an escalation in irritability, anxiety, and signs of confusion.

This increase in confusion and agitation can be attributed to several factors, including fatigue from the day's activities, changes in the environment, or disruptions in their routine. During these times, it is essential for caregivers to ensure a calm and stable environment, as this can help minimize the symptoms of sundowning.

In contrast, the other behaviors listed do not align with the characteristics of sundowning. Improved social interactions and heightened energy levels are generally seen in different contexts and not specifically during the episodes associated with this phenomenon, while fluctuated sleep patterns may describe an entirely different issue related to sleep disorders rather than the behavioral aspects of sundowning.