What does the abbreviation NPO mean in medical terms?

The abbreviation NPO stands for "nothing by mouth." This term is commonly used in medical settings to indicate that a patient should not consume food, liquids, or medications orally. This directive is typically given before surgical procedures, certain medical tests, or in the case where a patient may be vomiting or has difficulty swallowing, to prevent aspiration and other complications.

Understanding this abbreviation is critical for healthcare providers, as it guides their actions regarding patient care. For instance, if a nurse sees that a patient is NPO, they will refrain from offering any oral intake and will monitor the patient accordingly. This prevents potential risks associated with eating or drinking when the patient may not be able to safely do so.

The other options provided do not accurately capture the meaning of NPO. While "Non-per os" is a related term that also refers to a withholding of oral intake, it is less commonly used than "nothing by mouth" in standardized medical practice. The terms "needs prompt observation" and "no prescription ordered" represent different concepts entirely and do not relate to restrictions on oral intake.